Treatment and Prevention of Sinusitis

Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses, which are air-filled cavities in the skull This inflammation leads to blockade of the normal sinus drainage pathways which in turn leads to mucus retention, hypoxia, decreased mucociliary clearance, and predisposition to bacterial growth it is characterized by headache Postnasal drip Face and eye pain Pain over the bridge of the nose sometimes tinged with blood (as in acute sinusitis) Stuffy or runny nose.Pharmacologic treatment for sinusitis is antibiotics, antihistamines, analgesics, corticosteroids etc.antibiotics are first line therapy for sinusitis. Antihistamines, analgesics and corticosteroids are used as adjuncts to reduce inflammation, pain and for decongestion respectively.Infection and allergy (dust and smoke allergy) may be risk factors in sinusitis patients and need to be managed with simplified but effective pharmacological treatment regimen.This study was carried out on 40 patients of sinusitis in Mayo Hospital.The objective of study was to present the patterns of the drug prescribed in patients with sinusitis, age factor, allergy, and the outcomes of treatment. Our study indicates that it appears almost equally in both sexes , teenager are mostly affected by sinusitis, initially it is started as acute then become chronic on latter ,dust and smoke allergy affect some people suffering from sinusitis, at mayo hospital commonly prescribed antibiotics were cephalosporin in combination with antihistamine and analgesics. Key Words; Sinusitis, Management of Sinusitis, Antibiotics Therapy INTRODUCTION Sinusitis is a swelling of the inner lining of the sinuses The sinuses are the spaces between the bones in the face where air passes and where a fluid called mucus drains into the nose In sinusitis, the swelling blocks the openings in the sinuses through which mucus drains into the nose When mucus cannot drain properly, the pressure of the blocked fluid inside the sinuses can be painful. Sinusitis can be acute (going on less than four weeks), sub acute (4–8 weeks) or chronic (going on for 8 weeks or more All three types of sinusitis have similar symptoms, and are thus often difficult to distinguish Birt stated that otolaryngologists see scores of patients with vague discomfort in the forehead, between the eyes, and across the nose and cheeks." Patients invariably ascribe their symptoms to sinus disease, and are later surprised to discover that they are not infected. In fact, chronic sinusitis is not particularly common, and many headache patients with autonomic features will probably have muscle tension headaches or migraines. Sinus headache is commonly diagnosed, and patients with headache often cite sinus pain and pressure as a cause of their headaches. A high frequency of diagnosis of sinus headache, which specialists consider to be relatively rare, among patients meeting International Headache Society (IHS) diagnostic criteria for migraine raises the possibility that migraine and perhaps other headache types are sometimes mistaken for sinus headache In some instances, chronic maxillary atelectasis can present with enophthalmos secondary to collapse of the maxillary sinus. For reasons that are unclear, the sinus component of the disease remains asymptomatic and is discovered only after thorough evaluation of the enophthalmos [3] Isolated sphenoid sinusitis is often misdiagnosed because of its rarity and varied clinical presentation. Presentation is often both subtle and suggestive of other intracranial etiologic sites, as determined by the anatomic relationships of the sphenoid sinus. [4] Sinusitis is among the most commonly encountered diseases of childhood and has been the major area of interest for many otolaryngologists, allergists, and pediatricians. Allergies and viral upper respiratory infections are among the most common predisposing factors of sinus disease. Every child with sinusitis is a candidate for an allergy evaluation [5] Khawaja Tahir Mahmood et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.3(1), 2011,1019-1024